[Plat-11749] buggy cpp runtime

[kstenerud]

Goal

The C++ runtime is buggy on certain machines and can in rare cases return an invalid pointer to the C++ exception type information.

Design

Try copying the memory location to ensure that it is valid before attempting to call any methods on the object. If we can't get the type info, note that in the exception metadata.

[github-actions]

Bugsnag.framework binary size increased by 128 bytes from 713,264 to 713,392

    FILE SIZE        VM SIZE    
 --------------  -------------- 
  +0.1%     +96  +0.1%     +96    String Table
  +0.0%     +56  +0.0%     +56    __TEXT,__text
  +0.3%     +47  +0.3%     +47    __TEXT,__cstring
  +0.0%     +32  +0.0%     +32    Symbol Table
  [ = ]       0  +0.2%     +16    __DATA,__bss
  -0.1%      -4  -0.1%      -4    __TEXT,__unwind_info
  [ = ]       0  -0.1%     -16    [__DATA]
  -0.5%     -99  -0.5%     -99    [__TEXT]
  [ = ]       0  -1.7%    -128    [__LINKEDIT]
  +0.0%    +128  [ = ]       0    TOTAL

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