install_ubuntu.sh安装失败，是否应该改成使用虚拟环境？

[jswyll]

问题复现

在Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS系统，bash运行安装命令：

jswyll@jswyll:~/code/stm32f407-atk-explorer-v5.2.0$ wget https://gitee.com/RT-Thread-Mirror/env/raw/master/install_ubuntu.sh
chmod 777 install_ubuntu.sh
./install_ubuntu.sh --gitee
rm install_ubuntu.sh
https://gitee.com/RT-Thread-Mirror/env/raw/master/install_ubuntu.sh
正在解析主机 gitee.com (gitee.com)... 180.76.198.225, 180.76.199.13, 180.76.198.77
正在连接 gitee.com (gitee.com)|180.76.198.225|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度： 430 [text/plain]
正在保存至: ‘install_ubuntu.sh’

install_ubuntu.sh.1                                    100%[============================================================================================================================>]     430  --.-KB/s    用时 0s    

(141 MB/s) - 已保存 ‘install_ubuntu.sh’ [430/430])
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

https://gitee.com/RT-Thread-Mirror/env/raw/master/touch_env.sh
...

我的尝试

把install_ubuntu.sh脚本改为：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -qq install python3 python3-venv gcc git libncurses5-dev -y

url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RT-Thread/env/master/touch_env.sh
if [ $1 ] && [ $1 = --gitee ]; then
    url=https://gitee.com/RT-Thread-Mirror/env/raw/master/touch_env.sh
fi

wget $url -O touch_env.sh
chmod 777 touch_env.sh
./touch_env.sh $@
rm touch_env.sh

python3 -m venv ~/.env/.venv
source ~/.env/.venv/bin/activate
pip install scons requests tqdm kconfiglib pyyaml

运行：

./install_ubuntu.sh --gitee
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
https://gitee.com/RT-Thread-Mirror/env/raw/master/touch_env.sh
正在解析主机 gitee.com (gitee.com)... 180.76.198.225, 180.76.198.77, 180.76.199.13
正在连接 gitee.com (gitee.com)|180.76.198.225|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度： 1231 (1.2K) [text/plain]
正在保存至: ‘touch_env.sh’

touch_env.sh                                           100%[============================================================================================================================>]   1.20K  --.-KB/s    用时 0s    

(1.42 GB/s) - 已保存 ‘touch_env.sh’ [1231/1231])

.env directory already exists. Would you like to remove and recreate .env directory? (Y/N) Y
正克隆到 '/home/jswyll/.env/packages/packages'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 2363, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (2363/2363), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (1881/1881), done.
remote: Total 2363 (delta 709), reused 1541 (delta 421), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
接收对象中: 100% (2363/2363), 789.96 KiB | 449.00 KiB/s, 完成.
处理 delta 中: 100% (709/709), 完成.
正克隆到 '/home/jswyll/.env/packages/sdk'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 26, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (26/26), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (17/17), done.
remote: Total 26 (delta 8), reused 25 (delta 8), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
接收对象中: 100% (26/26), 8.13 KiB | 8.13 MiB/s, 完成.
处理 delta 中: 100% (8/8), 完成.
正克隆到 '/home/jswyll/.env/tools/scripts'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 45, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (45/45), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (42/42), done.
remote: Total 45 (delta 7), reused 15 (delta 1), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
接收对象中: 100% (45/45), 2.06 MiB | 655.00 KiB/s, 完成.
处理 delta 中: 100% (7/7), 完成.
Collecting scons
  Using cached scons-4.9.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.0 kB)
Collecting requests
  Using cached requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.6 kB)
Collecting tqdm
  Using cached tqdm-4.67.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (57 kB)
Collecting kconfiglib
  Using cached kconfiglib-14.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (39 kB)
Collecting pyyaml
  Using cached PyYAML-6.0.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl.metadata (2.1 kB)
Collecting charset-normalizer<4,>=2 (from requests)
  Using cached charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl.metadata (35 kB)
Collecting idna<4,>=2.5 (from requests)
  Using cached idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (10 kB)
Collecting urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 (from requests)
  Using cached urllib3-2.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.5 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests)
  Using cached certifi-2025.1.31-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.5 kB)
Using cached scons-4.9.0-py3-none-any.whl (4.1 MB)
Using cached requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl (64 kB)
Using cached tqdm-4.67.1-py3-none-any.whl (78 kB)
Using cached kconfiglib-14.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (145 kB)
Using cached PyYAML-6.0.2-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (767 kB)
Using cached certifi-2025.1.31-py3-none-any.whl (166 kB)
Using cached charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (145 kB)
Using cached idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl (70 kB)
Using cached urllib3-2.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (128 kB)
Installing collected packages: urllib3, tqdm, scons, pyyaml, kconfiglib, idna, charset-normalizer, certifi, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2025.1.31 charset-normalizer-3.4.1 idna-3.10 kconfiglib-14.1.0 pyyaml-6.0.2 requests-2.32.3 scons-4.9.0 tqdm-4.67.1 urllib3-2.3.0

然后可以正常使用scons、pkgs、menuconfig命令。